Performance comparison of AODV, DSDV and I-DSDV routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks.

Ad hoc networks are characterized by a lack of infrastructure, and by a random and quickly changing network topology; thus the need for a robust dynamic routing protocol that can accommodate such an environment. To improve the packet delivery ratio of Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks with high mobility, a message exchange scheme for its invalid route reconstruction is being used. Three protocols AODV, DSDV and I-DSDV were simulated using NS-2 package and were compared in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and routing overhead in different environment; varying number of nodes, speed and pause time. Simulation results show that I-DSDV compared with DSDV, it reduces the number of dropped data packets with little increased overhead at higher rates of node mobility but still can’t compete with AODV in higher node speed and number of node

Pedestrian Detection using Triple Laser Range Finders

Pedestrian detection is one of the important features in autonomous ground vehicle (AGV). It ensures the capability for safety navigation in urban environment. Therefore, the detection accuracy became a crucial part which leads to implementation using Laser Range Finder (LRF) for better data representation. In this study, an improved laser configuration and fusion technique is introduced by implementation of triple LRFs in two layers with Pedestrian Data Analysis (PDA) to recognize multiple pedestrians. The PDA integrates various features from feature extraction process for all clusters and fusion of multiple layers for better recognition. The experiments were conducted in various occlusion scenarios such as intersection, closed-pedestrian and combine scenarios. The analysis of the laser fusion and PDA for all scenarios showed an improvement of detection where the pedestrians were represented by various detection categories which solve occlusion issues when low numberof laser data were obtained

AL-KHABAR LANGUAGE ALPHABET IN TWO WAYS DIALOGUE IN AL-QUR’AN)(LARAS BAHASA AL-KHABAR DALAM AYAT-AYAT DIALOG DUA HALA AL-QUR’AN)

This study is about  the al-Khabar language alphabet that contained in the verses of the two-way dialogue in the Qur'an. The dialogue paragraph applies question-answer between two parties. Al-Khabar is a speech that has the probability of authenticity or falsity. The purpose of this study is to explore the method of delivery of al-khabar by the al-qur'an dialogue process and analyze its functionality. The analysis is carried out using a qualitative approach by making the theory of al-Hashimi, al-Samarra'i and al-Jurjani as the basic framework of analysis. The findings show that not all bilateral dialogues in the Qur'an begin with the first level and end up with the third level. There is dialogue that only uses Ibtida level, level of Talibi and Inkari. The findings also show the jumlah  ismiyyah used in verses in the form of Divine recognition while the jumlah  ismiyyah and jumlah fi'liyyah are both used in the context of attitude, behavior and actions. For the purpose of eternity, al-Khabar's alphabet also uses the al-Shart wa al-Jawab language style. Keywords: al-Khabar, Dialogue in al-Qur’an, Jumlah Fi’liyyah, Jumlah Ismiyyah. Abstrak Kajian ini berkaitan laras bahasa al-Khabar yang terdapat dalam ayat-ayat dialog dua hala al-Qur’an. Ayat dialog berlaku secara soal-jawab antara dua pihak. al-Khabar merupakan suatu ucapan yang mempunyai kebarangkalian keesahan atau kepalsuan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka metode penyampaian al-khabar oleh pekata dialog al-qur’an dan menganalisis fungsiannya. Analisis yang dijalankan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menjadikan teori  al-Hashimi, al-Samarra’i dan al-Jurjani sebagai kerangka asas analisis. Dapatan menunjukkan tidak semua dialog dua hala dalam al-Qur’an bermula dengan tahap pertama dan berakhir dengan tahap ketiga. Terdapat dialog yang hanya menggunakan tahap Ibtida’, tahap Talibi dan Inkari dan tahap Ibtida’, Talibi dan Inkari. Dapatan juga menunjukkan jumlah ismiyyah digunakan dalam ayat-ayat berbentuk pengakuan ketuhanan manakala jumlah ismiyyah dan jumlah fi’liyyah kedua-duanya digunakan dalam konteks perbincangan sikap, tingkah laku dan tindakan. Bagi tujuan maksud kekekalan, laras bahasa al-Khabar juga menggunakan gaya bahasa al-Shart wa al-Jawab.Kata Kunci: al-Khabar, Dialog al-Qur’an, Jumlah Fi’liyyah, Jumlah Ismiyyah.

Prevalence of physical activity and its association with body mass index among late adolescents in Kuantan, Malaysia

A national data reported more than half of school going adolescents in Malaysia were physically inactive. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of physical activity among late adolescent in Kuantan, Malaysia and to determine factors associated with their physical activity level. A cross sectional study among late adolescents aged 17 - 19 from seven governmental higher learning institutions in Kuantan, Malaysia was conducted from April to October 2018. A validated, selfadministered International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire was used to measure the level of physical activity among participants. Weight and height of the participants were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Chi-square test was used to test for association between physical activity level and BMI of the participants. The association between physical activity and socio-demographic profile was tested using logistic regression analysis. One third of the participants (37.6 %) have high physical activity level while 29.0% of them only practiced low physical activity level. Non-smokers were 0.4 times more physically active than smokers (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.78) while male gender was 2.46 times more active than female (aOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.55-3.92). There was no statistically significant association between physical activity level with BMI of the participants (2 = 0.93, p = 0.63). Only one third of late adolescents in our study practiced high level of physical activity. This is worrying as it may leads to increased number of morbidity and mortality related to low physical activity. Furthermore, physical activity level during adolescence-age group may influenced their physical activity level during adulthood. Therefore, continuous health education focused on the important of physical activity is undoubtedly crucial. Smokers were found to be less physically active than non-smokers. Hence, health education focused on the important of physical activity and the harm of smoking should be targeted simultaneously. Clinica

Redefining Selection of Features and Classification Algorithms for Room Occupancy Detection

The exponential growth of todays technologies has resulted in the growth of high-throughput data with respect to both dimensionality and sample size. Therefore, efficient and effective supervision of these data becomes increasing challenging and machine learning techniques were developed with regards to knowledge discovery and recognizing patterns from these data. This paper presents machine learning tool for preprocessing tasks and a comparative study of different classification techniques in which a machine learning tasks have been employed in an experimental set up using a dataset archived from the UCI Machine Learning Repository website. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of refined feature selection on different classification algorithms to improve the prediction of classification accuracy for room occupancy. Subsets of the original features constructed by filter or information gain and wrapper techniques are compared in terms of the classification performance achieved with selected machine learning algorithms. Three feature selection algorithms are tested, specifically the Information Gain Attribute Evaluation (IGAE), Correlation Attribute Evaluation (CAE) and Wrapper Subset Evaluation (WSE) algorithms. Following a refined feature selection stage, three machine learning algorithms are then compared, consisting the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Logistic Model Trees (LMT) and Instance Based k (IBk). Based on the feature analysis, the WSE was found to be optimal in identifying relevant features. The application of feature selection is certainly intended to obtain a higher accuracy performance. The experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of Instance Based k compared to other ML classifiers in providing the highest performance rate of room occupancy prediction

Aseismic and seismic impact on development of soft-sediment deformation structures in deep-marine sand-shaly Crocker fan in Sabah, NW Borneo

Abstract Soft-sediment deformation structures are present within the deep-marine fan of the West Crocker Formation, Sabah Basin, NW Borneo. Focus of this study is to highlight the impact of seismic and aseismic activities on the development of these structures and their distribution in deep-marine fan. Twenty-nine types of deformation structures were identified during the study of twelve exposed sections. These structures were grouped into five categories: i) water-escape structures, ii) sole marks, iii) clastic intrusions, iv) deformed laminations, and v) syn-depositional brittle and ductile deformation structures. The sediment deformation is interpreted to be caused either by aseismic processes like slope failure, gravity collapse, sediment overloading, density gradient, seismic induced mechanisms such as earthquakes, tectonic uplift, or combined effect of seismic and aseismic events. These structures are classified based on type of features developed during semi-consolidated phase of rock deposition. The seismite structures i.e., clastic intrusions, deformed laminations, and syn-depositional structures are correlated with active collisional tectonics during the Late Paleogene times in the Sabah Basin. In the present work, a generalized conceptual model has also been proposed for the development of soft-sediment deformation structures in a submarine fan environment. Dewatering structurers and rapid sedimentation features are associated with inner fan, load and flame structures are present within middle fan, while contorted layers, slumps and mass-transport deposits are linked with distal fan settings

Gain-flattened dual-stage L-band EDFA by using pump power distribution

An L-band erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with dual-stage architecture was proposed that gives a considerably flatten wavelength response of less than 3 dB gain variations. Gain of 25 dB was achieved throughout the L-band region (1570 nm - 1605 nm) and noise figure of less than 4.5 dB was obtained when the pump power was distributed equally to two different stages with different length of erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Without applying any gain equalizing filters, this architecture able to demonstrate a flat gain spectrum when the input signal power was varied from -30 dBm to -15 dBm

Performance Analysis Of Neural Network Model For Automated Visual Inspection With Robotic Arm Controller System

The concept of Automated Visual Inspection (AVI) have emerged as a powerful platform for industrial machine vision where it used to inspect a large number of products rapidly.However,a major problem with this kind of application is the quality produced by the recognition process.In this paper,a system with the capability of identifying and categorizing a product based on image processing has been implemented.The image was processed by using Radial Basis Function (RBF) based on output center and spread values optimization.Robotic arm controller developed for pick and place the product based on their categories.Two performance measures are used to validate the model classification range and the spread values.The results of this project indicate that the model used able to identify the product and classify it according to their shape

Malay version of the mhealth app usability Questionnaire (M-MAUQ): translation, adaptation, and validation study

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) apps play an important role in delivering education, providing advice on treatment, and monitoring patients’ health. Good usability of mHealth apps is essential to achieve the objectives of mHealth apps efficiently. To date, there are questionnaires available to assess the general system usability but not explicitly tailored to precisely assess the usability of mHealth apps. Hence, the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) was developed with 4 versions according to the type of app (interactive or standalone) and according to the target user (patient or provider). Standalone MAUQ for patients comprises 3 subscales, which are ease of use, interface and satisfaction, and usefulness. Objective: This study aimed to translate and validate the English version of MAUQ (standalone for patients) into a Malay version of MAUQ (M-MAUQ) for mHealth app research and usage in future in Malaysia. Methods: Forward and backward translation and harmonization of M-MAUQ were conducted by Malay native speakers who also spoke English as their second language. The process began with a forward translation by 2 independent translators followed by harmonization to produce an initial translated version of M-MAUQ. Next, the forward translation was continued by another 2 translators who had never seen the original MAUQ. Lastly, harmonization was conducted among the committee members to resolve any ambiguity and inconsistency in the words and sentences of the items derived with the prefinal adapted questionnaire. Subsequently, content and face validations were performed with 10 experts and 10 target users, respectively. Modified kappa statistic was used to determine the interrater agreement among the raters. The reliability of the M-MAUQ was assessed by 51 healthy young adult mobile phone users. Participants needed to install the MyFitnessPal app and use it for 2 days for familiarization before completing the designated task and answer the M-MAUQ. The MyFitnessPal app was selected because it is one among the most popular installed mHealth apps globally available for iPhone and Android users and represents a standalone mHealth app. Results: The content validity index for the relevancy and clarity of M-MAUQ were determined to be 0.983 and 0.944, respectively, which indicated good relevancy and clarity. The face validity index for understandability was 0.961, which indicated that users understood the M-MAUQ. The kappa statistic for every item in M-MAUQ indicated excellent agreement between the raters (